Ecosystems

These mountain ecosystems, located between 1,000 and 3,200 meters above sea level, are characterized by high rainfall and frequent fog. They were initially thought to occupy 3,400,000 hectares in Colombia, but recent estimates indicate a much larger extension of 9,726,600 hectares. Their altitudinal

The dry forest, notable for its severe water deficit, presents an environmental delimitation subject to debate. Although it originally occupied 7% of Colombian territory, it has been extensively transformed, reaching a fragmentation level of 97%. These forests harbor significant diversity, with 2

The páramos, located on the peaks of the Andes often above 3,000 m.a.s.l., are characterized by three distinctive bands: the low páramo, high páramo and super páramo. Colombia is home to approximately 50% of all the world's páramos, sharing this distinction with Ecuador and Venezuela. These

Savanna and rocky outcrop ecosystems in Colombia are characterized by a seasonal climate with rainfall and natural fires, resulting in vegetation with low primary productivity, mainly grasses interspersed with scrub and scattered trees. These areas are relatively young in geological terms and show

Tropical rainforest ecosystems in Colombia are located in the lowlands, mainly along the Pacific coast and the Amazon region, covering a considerable area of 45,363,420 hectares, representing 39.8% of the country's land area. Although most of the available information is concentrated in the Amazon

Flooded ecosystems are characterized by the presence of temporary bodies of water at certain times of the year. In Colombia, they are found mainly in the flood plains of the main lowland rivers, as well as in some paramo areas. Their dynamics are influenced by precipitation patterns, which cause the

Permanent wetlands are those that contain bodies of water throughout the year, especially the lake and swamp complexes associated with the flood plains of the main rivers. It is estimated that they occupy approximately 4,154,524 hectares in Colombia, mainly in the Amazon basin, the swamp complex of

Mangroves are a special type of permanent coastal wetland characterized by a vegetation cover dominated by salinity-tolerant species. They develop in brackish areas between marine and freshwater environments, typically associated with river mouths. On the Caribbean coast of Colombia, the

Coral formations are biogenic marine structures shaped by hermatypic organisms and associated geomorphological and ecological processes. Colombia has a total extension of 4,405 km2 of coral areas, mainly in the Caribbean and to a lesser extent in the Pacific. These formations are conditioned by

Seagrass meadows are underwater ecosystems composed of vascular plants that complete their life cycle in saline environments. In Colombia, they are located exclusively in the Caribbean, in shallow coastal areas, covering an estimated 148,171.34 hectares, mainly on the continental shelf of La Guajira